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AN214, a 13-page fact sheet by Albert De Vries, summarizes the recent literature on sexed semen use in dairy heifers and cows and evaluates the economics of the use of sexed semen in heifers and cows. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Animal Sciences, March 2009.
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Andersson, M., J. Taponen, M. Kommeri, and M. Dahlbom. 2006. Pregnancy rates in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows after artificial insemination with sexed sperm. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 41 (2):95-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2006.00625.x
Anonymous. 2008. They use sexed semen (57th Hoard's dairyman round table). Hoard's Dairyman, January 25, page 56.
Baker, R. L., P. Shannon, D. J. Garrick, H. T. Blair, and B. W. Wickham. 1990. The future impact of new opportunities in reproductive physiology and molecular biology on genetic improvement programmes. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society for Animal Production 50:197-210.
Cady, R. A. 1980. Evaluation of Holstein bulls for dystocia. Ph.D. dissertation. Comell University, Ithaca, NY.
Chebel, R., F. Braga, and J. Dalton. 2006. Factors affecting reproductive performance of Holstein heifers. Animal Reproduction Science 101:208-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.09.010
Crichton, E., S. Huffman, K. McSeeney, and J. Schenk. 2006. Artificial insemination of lactating Holstein cows with sexed sperm. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18(2):281-281 (abstract). https://doi.org/10.1071/RDv18n2Ab347
DairyProfitWeekly. 2008. Market prices. Volume XVIV, Number 16, April 21.
DeJarnette, J. M., R. L. Nebel, B. Meek, J. Wells, and C. E. Marshall. 2007 Commercial application of sex-sorted semen in Holstein heifers. Journal of Dairy Science 90(Suppl. 1):228 (Abstract).
DeJarnette, J. M., R. L. Nebel, C. E. Marshall, J. F. Moreno, C. R. McCleary, and R. W. Lenz. 2008. Effect of sex-sorted sperm dosage on conception rates in Holstein heifers and lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science 91:1778-1785. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0964
De Vries, A. 2006. Economic value of pregnancy in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 89:3876-3885. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72430-4
De Vries, A., M. Overton, J. Fetrow, K. Leslie, S. Eicker, and G. Rogers. 2008. Exploring the impact of sexed semen on the structure of the dairy industry. Journal of Dairy Science 91:847-856. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0536
Ettema, J. F. and J. E. P. Santos. 2004. Impact of ages of first calving on lactation, reproduction, health, and income in first-parity Holsteins on commercial farms. Journal of Dairy Science 87:2730-2742. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73400-1
Fetrow, J., M. Overton, and S. Eicker. 2007. Sexed semen: economics of a new technology. Proceedings Western Dairy Management Conference, March 7-9, Reno, NV. Available at http://www.wdmc.org/2007/fetrow.pdf
Garner, D. L., and G. E. Seidel. 2003. Past, present and future perspectives on sexing sperm. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 83:375-384. https://doi.org/10.4141/A03-022
Garner, D. L., and G. E. Seidel Jr. 2008. History of commercializing sexed semen for cattle. Theriogenology 69:886-895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.01.006
Kohlman, T., S. Gunderson, P. Hoffman, and A. Zwald. 2008. Feed expenses eat heifer-raising budgets. Hoard's Dairyman, January 25, page 55.
Kuhn, M. T., J. L. Hutchison, and G. R. Wiggans. 2006. Characterization of Holstein heifer fertility in the United States. Journal of Dairy Science 89:4907-4920 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72541-3
Linderoth, S. 2008. Sexed semen primer. Dairy Herd Management, January 2008, pages 25-27.
Michael, N. 2008. ABS Global, personal communication.
Olynk, N. J. and C.A. Wolf. 2007. Expected net present value of pure and mixed sexed semen artificial insemination strategies in dairy heifers. Journal of Dairy Science 90:2569-2576. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2006-460
Schenk, J. L., and R. W. Everett. 2007. Insemination of Holstein cows with sexed sperm. Journal of Dairy Science 90(Suppl. 1):18 (Abstract).
Seidel, G. E., Jr., and J. L. Schenk. 2002. Field trials with sexed, frozen bovine semen. Pages 64-69 in Proceedings of the 19th Technical Conference on Artificial Insemination and Reproduction, National Association of Animal Breeders, Columbia, MO.
Seidel, G. E., Jr. 2003. Economics of selecting for sex: the most important trait. Theriogenology 59:585-598. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(02)01242-6
Seidel, G. E., Jr. 2007. Overview of sexing sperm. Theriogenology 68:443-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.04.005
Van Vleck, L. D. 1981. Potential genetic impact of artificial insemination, sex selection, embryo transfer, cloning, and selfing in dairy cattle. Pages 222-242 in New Technologies in Animal Breeding. Academic Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-123450-8.50017-4
VanRaden, P. M., and Multi-State Project S-1008. 2006. Net Merit as a measure of lifetime profit: 2006 revision. AIPL Research Report NM$3 (7-06). Available at http://aipl.arsusda.gov/reference/nmcalc.htm
Weigel, K. A. 2004. Exploring the role of sexed semen in dairy production systems. Journal of Dairy Science 87:(E. Suppl.):E120-130. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)70067-3