Abstract
Citrus growers are recognized as early adopters of practices that enhance the biological control of arthropod pests. For more than a century, tactics such as the exploration and importation of predators and parasitoids or the reduced use of insecticides that disrupt biological control were increasingly employed against pests in the tree canopy. Beginning in the early 1990s, Florida’s growers were also among the first to employ entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) to manage a subterranean insect pest of a major crop.
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