Juvenile stages of Ithomiinae: overview and systematics (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).

Authors

  • K. S. Brown Jr.
  • A. V. L. Freitas

Keywords:

Apocynaceae, Bolivia, Brazil, characters, chemical preadaptation, coevolution, Colombia, colonization, Danainae, Dircennini, Ecuador, eggs, El Salvador, Gesneriaceae, Godyridini, Heliconiini, hostplants, Ithomiinae, Ithomiini, juveniles, larvae, Mechanitini, Melinaeini, Mesoamerica, Mexico, Napeogenini, Neotropical, Oleriini, Ollantaya n gen, Panama, Peru, phylogeny, pupae, Solanaceae, South America, Talamancana n gen, taxonomy, Tellervini, Tithoreini, Trinidad, Venezuela

Abstract

Larvae and pupae are illustrated and described for 66 species in 40 of the 53 genera of Ithomiinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae); eggs are shown for 60 species in 43 genera. With the use of 60 polarized characters drawn from these stages, a preliminary phylogeny is presented for 51 species in 41 genera, and compared with the genus-level phylogenies based on adults only (concepts of Fox and D'Almeida) and based on a sum of 138 new adult and juvenile characters (170 derived states). Two new genera are described: Ollantaya Brown & Freitas n. gen. (Type-species Ithomia canilla Hewitson) and Talamancana Haber, Brown & Freitas n. gen. (Type-species Dircenna lonera Butler & Druce).

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Published

1994-05-01

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Section

Articles