Abstract
The Rio de Janeiro Botanic Garden, founded by Dom Joäāo VI in 1808 as an Acclimation Garden for exotic plants, was transformed over nearly two centuries into the Research Institute of the Botanic Garden of Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ). During the administration of the naturalist Joāo Barbosa Rodrigues, which began in 1890, the first JBRJ greenhouse was built to shelter all sorts of "indoor" plants. Later it concentrated on the Orchidaceae collection. In 1996, the glasshouse and the area surrounding it were renovated, and since then, the orchid collection has been recovered and restructured with the support of a sponsor. Presently all collection data are filed using the BG-Recorder Computer Program, with a total of 3652 accessions and 4177 registered plants. Although the collection is composed mainly of Brazilian species, with ca. 358 species identified, there are also exotic plants and hybrids. New specimens and species are incorporated in the collection through several floristic surveys. Most of the surveys being developed in the JBRJ are conducted in Conservation Units of Rio de Janeiro State. It is important to note that welldocumented institutional collections are essential for effective conservation measures and help taxonomic studies. O Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro foi fundado por Dom João VI em 1808 como um Jardim de Aclimacão de plantas exóticas, transformou-se, ao longo de quase dois séculos de existencia, em Real Horto, Real Jardim Botânico, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro e, mais recentemente, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânicodo Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ). Durante a administração do naturalista João Barbosa Rodrigues, que teve início em 1890, foi construída a primeira estufa do JBRJ que mais tarde passou a abrigar todo o acervo referente à família Orchidaceae. A partir de 1996 a coleçâo vem sendo recuperada e reestruturada com o apoio de um patrocinador. Atualmente, o acervo está informatizado e conta com 3652 acessos e 4177 plantas registradas. A coleçâo é composta principalmente de especies brasileiras, cerca de 358 especies identificadas. Entretanto, há também plantas exóticas e híbridas. Novos espécimes e espécies são incorporados à coleção através dos diversos levantamentos florísticos que são desenvolvidos pela instituiçao, principalmente em Unidades de Conservação do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Vale ressaltar, que coleções institucionais bem documentadas são fundamentais para medidas conservacionistas eficazes e auxiliam estudos taxonômicos.
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